To evaluate World Food Program (WFP) lean season assistance, in the form of in-kind food and cash transfers, to rural households facing extreme food insecurity in Zimbabwe, especially during the lean season leading up to the harvest. The evaluation will (a) examine the effectiveness of the food and cash transfers in helping households achieve food security; (b) understand beneficiary preferences and challenges associated with each transfer modality in the Zimbabwean context; and (c) determine if WFP-funded productive asset creation projects help to increase resilience.