Paul Spiegel, director of the Center for Humanitarian Health at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, spent more than six weeks in Poland and other countries neighboring Ukraine as part of a World Health Organization surge team, acting as emergency coordinator for refugee health. On his return from Europe, Spiegel, an expert in responding to complex humanitarian disasters, spoke with The Washington Post to discuss the unique aspects of this disaster as well as the challenges that await the future. The lecture was edited and condensed for length and clarity.